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<h1 class="text-indigo-400 text-3xl">Running Prosody on Port 443 Behind traefik</h1>
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<span class="text-md mt-2">Posted on 2020-02-13</span>
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<!-- Actual article -->
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<article class="prose lg:prose-lg text-white mt-4">
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<p><em>TL;DR: This post is about running prosody with HTTPS services both on port 443. If you only care about the how, then jump to</em>
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<strong>Considerations</strong> <em>and read from there.</em></p>
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<span id="continue-reading"></span><h1 id="introduction">Introduction</h1>
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<p>As part of my <a href="https://blog.polynom.me/Road-to-Foss.html"><em>"road to FOSS"</em></a> I
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set up my own XMPP server using <em>prosody</em>. While it has been running fine for
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quite some time, I noticed, while connected to a public Wifi, that my
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server was unreachable. At that time I was panicing because I thought prosody
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kept crashing for some reason. After using my mobile data, however, I saw
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that I <strong>could</strong> connect to my server. The only possible explanation I came
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up with is that the provider of the public Wifi is blocking anything that
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is not port 53, 80 or 443. <em>(Other ports I did not try)</em></p>
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<p>My solution: Move <em>prosody</em>'s C2S - <em>Client to Server</em> - port from 5222 to
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either port 53, 80 or 443. Port 53 did not seem like a good choice as I
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want to keep myself the possibilty of hosting a DNS server. So the only
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choice was between 80 and 443.</p>
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<h1 id="considerations">Considerations</h1>
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<p>Initially I went with port 80 because it would be the safest bet: You cannot
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block port 80 while still allowing customers to access the web. This would
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have probably worked out, but I changed it to port 443 later-on. The reason
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being that I need port 80 for Let's Encrypt challenges. Since I use nginx
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as a reverse proxy for most of my services, I thought that I can multiplex
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port 80 between LE and <em>prosody</em>. This was not possible with nginx.</p>
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<p>So I discoverd traefik since it allows such a feat. The only problem is that
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it can only route TCP connections based on the
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<a href="https://github.com/containous/traefik/blob/master/docs/content/routing/routers/index.md#rule-1">SNI</a>. This requires the
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XMPP connection to be encrypted entirely, not after STARTTLS negotiation,
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which means that I would have to configure <em>prosody</em> to allow such a
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connection and not offer STARTTLS.</p>
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<h1 id="prosody">Prosody</h1>
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<p>Prosody has in its documentation no mentions of <em>direct TLS</em> which made me
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guess that there is no support for it in <em>prosody</em>. After, however, asking
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in the support group, I was told that this feature is called <em>legacy_ssl</em>.</p>
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<p>As such, one only has to add</p>
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<pre data-lang="lua" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-lua "><code class="language-lua" data-lang="lua"><span style="color:#65737e;">-- [...]
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">legacy_ssl_ports </span><span>= { </span><span style="color:#d08770;">5223 </span><span>}
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">legacy_ssl_ssl </span><span>= {
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</span><span> [</span><span style="color:#d08770;">5223</span><span>] = {
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">key </span><span>= "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/path/to/keyfile</span><span>";
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">certificate </span><span>= "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/path/to/certificate</span><span>";
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</span><span> }
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</span><span>}
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- [...]
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><em>Note:</em> In my testing, <em>prosody</em> would not enable <em>legacy_ssl</em> unless I
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explicitly set <code>legacy_ssl_ports</code>.</p>
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<p>When <em>prosody</em> tells you that it enabled <code>legacy_ssl</code> on the specified
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ports, then you can test the connection by using OpenSSL to connect to it:
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<code>openssl s_client -connect your.domain.example:5223</code>. OpenSSL should tell
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you the data it can get from your certificate.</p>
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<h1 id="traefik">traefik</h1>
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<p>In my configuration, I run <em>prosody</em> in an internal <em>Docker</em> network. In
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order to connect it, in my case port 5223, to the world via port 443, I
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configured my traefik to distinguish between HTTPS and XMPPS connections
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based on the set SNI of the connection.</p>
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<p>To do so, I firstly configured the static configuration to have
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port 443 as an entrypoint:</p>
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<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#65737e;"># [...]
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">entrypoints</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">https</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">address</span><span>: "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">:443</span><span>"
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#65737e;"># [...]
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>For the dynamic configuration, I add two routers - one for TCP, one for
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HTTPS - that both listen on the entrypoint <code>https</code>. As the documentation
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<a href="https://github.com/containous/traefik/blob/master/docs/content/routing/routers/index.md#general-1">says</a>,
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<em>"If both HTTP routers and TCP routers listen to the same entry points, the TCP routers will apply before the HTTP routers."</em>. This means that traefik has
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to distinguish the two somehow.</p>
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<p>We do this by using the <code>Host</code> rule for the HTTP router and <code>HostSNI</code> for
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the TCP router.</p>
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<p>As such, the dynamic configuration looks like this:</p>
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<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#bf616a;">tcp</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">routers</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">xmpps</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">entrypoints</span><span>:
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</span><span> - "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">rule</span><span>: "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">HostSNI(`xmpps.your.domain.example`)</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">service</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">prosody-dtls
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tls</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">passthrough</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#d08770;">true
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># [...]
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">services</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">prosody-dtls</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">loadBalancer</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">servers</span><span>:
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">address</span><span>: "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;"><IP>:5223</span><span>"
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">http</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">routers</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">web-secure</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">entrypoints</span><span>:
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</span><span> - "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">rule</span><span>: "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Host(`web.your.domain.example`)</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">service</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">webserver
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>It is important to note here, that the option <code>passthrough</code> has to be <code>true</code>
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for the TCP router as otherwise the TLS connection would be terminated by
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traefik.</p>
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<p>Of course, you can instruct prosody to use port 443 directly, but I prefer
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to keep it like this so I can easily see which connection goes to where.</p>
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<h1 id="http-upload">HTTP Upload</h1>
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<p>HTTP Upload was a very simple to implement this way. Just add another HTTPS
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route in the dynamic traefik configuration to either the HTTP port of
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prosody, which would terminate the TLS connection from traefik onwards, or
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the HTTPS port, which - if running traefik and prosody on the same host -
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would lead to a possible unnecessary re-encryption of the data.</p>
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<p>This means that prosody's configuration looks like this:</p>
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<pre data-lang="lua" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-lua "><code class="language-lua" data-lang="lua"><span>[</span><span style="color:#d08770;">...</span><span>]
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</span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- Perhaps just one is enough
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">http_ports </span><span>= { </span><span style="color:#d08770;">5280 </span><span>}
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">https_ports </span><span>= { </span><span style="color:#d08770;">5281 </span><span>}
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Component </span><span>"</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">your.domain</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- Perhaps just one is required, but I prefer to play it safe
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">http_external_url </span><span>= "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://http.xmpp.your.domain</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">http_host </span><span>= "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">http.xmpp.your.domain</span><span>"
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</span><span>[</span><span style="color:#d08770;">...</span><span>]
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>And traefik's like this:</p>
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<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span>[</span><span style="color:#d08770;">...</span><span>]
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</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">http</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">routers</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">prosody-https</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">entrypoints</span><span>:
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</span><span> - "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">rule</span><span>: "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Host(`http.xmpp.your.domain`)</span><span>"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">service</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">prosody-http
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</span><span>
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">services</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">prosody-http</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">loadBalancer</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">servers</span><span>:
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</span><span> - "</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">http://prosody-ip:5280</span><span>"
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</span><span>[</span><span style="color:#d08770;">...</span><span>]
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</span></code></pre>
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<h1 id="dns">DNS</h1>
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<p>In order for clients to pick this change up, one has to create a DNS SRV
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record conforming to <a href="https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0368.html">XEP-0368</a>.</p>
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<p>This change takes some time until it reaches the clients, so it would be wise
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to keep the regular STARTTLS port 5222 open and connected to prosody until
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the DNS entry has propagated to all DNS servers.</p>
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<h1 id="caveats">Caveats</h1>
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<p>Of course, there is nothing without some caveats; some do apply here.</p>
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<p>This change does not neccessarilly get applied to all clients automatically.
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Clients like <em>Conversations</em> and its derivatives, however, do that when they
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are reconnecting. Note that there may be clients that do not support XEP-0368
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which will not apply this change automatically, like - at least in my
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testing - <em>profanity</em>.</p>
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<p>Also there may be some clients that do not support <em>direct TLS</em> and thus
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cannot connect to the server. In my case, <em>matterbridge</em> was unable to
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connect as it, without further investigation, can only connect with either
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no TLS or with STARTTLS.</p>
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<h1 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h1>
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<p>In my case, I run my <em>prosody</em> server like this:</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span> <<WORLD>>-------------+
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</span><span> | |
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</span><span> [traefik]-------------/|/--------------+
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</span><span> | | |
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</span><span> {xmpp.your.domain} [5269] {other.your.domain}
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</span><span> [443 -> 5223] | [443 -> 80]
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</span><span>{http.xmpp.your.domain} | |
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</span><span> [443 -> 5280] | |
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</span><span> | | |
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</span><span> [prosody]-------------+ [nginx]
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>As I had a different port for <em>prosody</em> initially (80), I had to wait until
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the DNS records are no longer cached by other DNS servers or clients. This
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meant waiting for the TTL of the record, which in my case were 18000 seconds,
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or 5 hours.</p>
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<p>The port 5222 is, in my case, not reachable from the outside world but via my
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internal <em>Docker</em> compose network so that my <em>matterbridge</em> bridges still work.</p>
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</article>
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<!-- Common post footer -->
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<div class="mt-6">
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<span class="prose lg:prose-lg text-md text-white">
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If you have any questions or comments, then feel free to send me an email (Preferably with GPG encryption)
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to papatutuwawa [at] polynom.me or reach out to me on the Fediverse at <a href="https://social.polynom.me/papatutuwawa">@papatutuwawa@social.polynom.me</a>.
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</span>
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